A data space is a digital ecosystem that enables organizations to share and use data in a secure, trusted, and controlled environment.

Unlike traditional centralized databases, data spaces allow participants to retain ownership and control of their data while still making it available for collaboration and analysis.

Data spaces are built on common standards, governance frameworks, and technological components that ensure interoperability, trust, and compliance with regulations.

In healthcare, data spaces make it possible to combine information from multiple sources to support research, innovation, and better medical decision-making.

A federated model is a data-sharing approach where data remains within the systems of the organizations that generate it.

Instead of transferring all data to a central database, the system allows algorithms and analytical models to access and process data locally where it is stored.

This model provides several advantages:

• Organizations maintain full control over their data
• Sensitive information never leaves the source system
• Collaboration is possible without compromising privacy
• Compliance with data protection regulations is easier to ensure

The federated approach used in SHARE allows hospitals to participate in collaborative research while preserving patient confidentiality and institutional autonomy.

Effective data governance ensures that data is shared and used responsibly, securely, and ethically.

The SHARE project includes a governance platform that manages:

• Data access permissions
• Usage policies
• Data sharing agreements
• Compliance with legal and ethical requirements

This governance layer ensures that all participants can trust the system and that data is used only for authorized purposes.

Healthcare data is highly sensitive and requires strong protection mechanisms.<

The SHARE data space implements multiple security measures to ensure safe data collaboration, including:

• Secure identity and authentication mechanisms
• Encrypted data exchange between participants
• Access control policies
• Compliance with GDPR and other regulatory frameworks

These mechanisms ensure that data sharing is conducted within a trusted and legally compliant environment.